Neuropeptide Y- and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide-Containing Nerves in the Intrinsic External Urethral Sphincter in the Areflexic Bladder Compared to Detrusor-Sphincter Dyssynergia in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

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Abstract
Specimens of urethra were obtained from patients with cervical and thoracic spinal cord lesion with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and from patients with lower motor neurone lesion with detrusor areflexia, undergoing transurethral sphincterotomy. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in nerves associated with both the smooth and striated muscle components of the urethral sphincter were studied immunohistochemically and by immunoassay.