Noninvasive Measurement of the Human Peripheral Circulation: Relationship Between Laser Doppler Flowmeter and Photoplethysmograph Signals from the Finger

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Abstract
Under certain conditions laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF) signals obtained from the finger pulp may appear very similar to those obtained by use of a direct current (dc) photoplethysmograph (PPG). A combined LDF/PPG system was used in conjunction with a circumference strain gauge as an index of vol ume change to identify the conditions in which the correlation between these signals was good. Simultaneous LDF and dc PPG measurements were made on 10 normal vol unteers by using arterial occlusion and on 7 normal subjects by using the Val salva maneuver at different elevations of the forearm and hand with respect to the midsternum. By altering the elevation of the upper limb the influence of venous filling on each of the signals during these maneuvers was observed. Since the dc PPG signal always appeared similar to the volume change indi cated by the circumference strain gauge, it is concluded that the dc PPG signal is related to blood volume change if allowance is made for the effects of blood oxygenation. In circumstances of low venous filling, however, blood volume changes correlate well with blood flow changes, producing the correlation be tween the dc PPG and LDF traces. The dc PPG signal may be used as a means of monitoring changes in blood flow in the finger only when venous filling is low and the return remains unre stricted. Thus, in investigations using this method, the relative position of the limb with respect to the heart should always be indicated. The LDF method appears to be a reliable indicator of blood flow changes in the microcirculation irrespective of the degree of venous filling.