Distribution and Parasitism of Gracillariid Leafminers on Apple in the Northeast1

Abstract
Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.) (Lepidoptera:Gracillaridae) was the predominant leafminer species in western NY, Saratoga County, NY the Champlain Valley of NY, and the Shoreham, VT apple growing regions. Phyllonorycter crataegella (Clemens) was only species in CT, MA, and NY commercial apple orchards on the eastern side of the Hudson River. Both species were present in Hudson Valley orchards on the western side of the Hudson River. Apanteles ornigis Weed and Sympiesis conica (Provancher) parasitized P. blancardella, while Sympiesis marylandensis Girault, Sympiesis bimaculatipennis (Girault), and Pnigalio maculipes (Crawford) parasitized P. crataegella . Morphologically distinguishing characteristics of the two Phyllonorycter spp. are presented.

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