Recirculation: A Uremic Syndrome Complicating the use of Prosthetic Arteriovenous Fistulas for Hemodialysis

Abstract
Malfunction of prosthetic arteriovenous fistulas is described in two patients, unheralded by abnormalities of arterial flow or venous resistance. In each case, significant graft recirculation due to stenosis of the venous limb caused the insidious onset of uremic symptoms in patients apparently receiving adequate hemodialysis. The uremic syndromes disappeared after correction of the faulty vascular access.