Increased Activity of [gamma]-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase in Tomato Cells Selected for Cadmium Tolerance

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Abstract
Two cell lines of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv VFNT-Cherry) were systematically compared for their capacity to tolerate cadmium. Unselected CdS cells died in the presence of 0.3 mM CdCl2. CdR6⁳0 cells, which were selected from CdS, survived and grew in medium supplemented with 0.3 mM CdCl2. Growth of CdR6⁳0 cells under this condition was accompanied by synthesis of cadmium-binding phytochelatins and maintenance of cellular glutathione (GSH) levels. CdR6⁳0 cells also exhibited increased tolerance to buthionine sulfoximine, in both the presence and absence of 0.1 mM CdCl2. The specific activity of [gamma]-glutamylcysteine synthetase (EC 6.3.2.2) was approximately 2-fold higher in CdR6⁳0 cells than in CdS cells, whereas there was no difference between cell lines in specific activity of GSH synthetase (EC 6.3.2.3). Increased activity of the first enzyme of GSH biosynthesis in CdR6⁳0 cells, presumably a result of selection for increased cadmium tolerance, provides an enhanced capacity to synthesize GSH and to maintain the production of phytochelatins in response to cadmium. This adaptation may contribute to the enhanced cadmium tolerance of CdR6⁳0 cells.