Development of hyperbetalipoproteinemia in pigs fed atherogenic diet

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Abstract
Hormel miniature pigs were studied over a period of 24 weeks to observe the changes in serum lipoprotein pattern, cholesteryl ester, free cholesterol, and triglyceride in the atherogenic‐fed pigs. These pigs were compared to age‐related control animals in our breeding herd. Pigs fed the atherogenic diet (20% tallow, 3% cholesterol, and a bile supplement) exhibited a heterogeneous response but showed mean increases in cholesteryl ester (571 mg/dl) and free cholesterol (226 mg/dl), a slight increase in triglyceride (58 mg/dl), and a severe hyperbetalipo proteinemia. Three animals with the highest cholesteryl ester (all above 600 mg/dl) had resolvable β components in their 1.006 g/ml very low density lipoprotein fraction (type III), as well as huge increases in the Sf 12–20 low density lipoprotein fraction. The other four animals had substantial increases in Sf 0–20, and the three highest had much of their low density lipoprotein in the Sf 12–20, or “remnant” fraction. The test pigs all showed gross lesions in the aorta with an increase in cholesteryl ester and free cholesterol in the tissue as compared with control animals.