Developmental characteristics of grass varieties in relation to their herbage production: 2. Spring defoliation of Dactylis glomerata: the fate of reproductive tillers which are cut, but whose stem apex is retained

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Abstract
Early stages in the development of reproductive tillers of cocksfoot were studied in uncut swards, and in regrowth after cuts taken at a critical stage.In uncut swards, initial stages of stem extension (up to 10 cm) occurred over 3 weeks. During this period the last three or four leaves initiated on the tiller became visible externally. Tillers with stems of less than 2 cm generally had one or two partially emerged blades. Those with stems 2–6 cm long carried two, three or, occasionally, four partially emerged blades; the sheaths of two, and sometimes three of these leaves extended beyond the stem apex. Hence, for tillers with 2–6 cm stems, even lenient defoliation involving the removal of only one expanded blade would result in the severance of a further two, three or four developing leaves; at an earlier stage only one or two developing leaves would be severed.In the regrowth studies it was found that defoliation of reproductive tillers whose apices were below cutting height and which, at the time of cutting, had stems of up to 8 cm, led to contrasting effects: some made only negligible regrowth, whilst others made rapid extension growth. Some of the most rapidly extending tillers retained no leaf blades, and therefore the alternative effects of defoliation cannot be completely explained in terms of leaf retention. Other possible mechanisms contributing to these effects are discussed.