Localization and Reoperation Results for Persistent and Recurrent Parathyroid Carcinoma

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Abstract
PRIMARY hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder occurring in 1 in every 500 women and 1 in every 2000 men.1 This condition is commonly caused by parathyroid adenoma (87%) and parathyroid hyperplasia (12%).2 Parathyroid carcinoma occurs in 0.1% to 4% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.3-6 Although it is an uncommon cause of primary hyperparathyroidism, the distinction between parathyroid carcinoma and adenoma is sometimes difficult.7 Furthermore, no unequivocal histopathologic features of parathyroid carcinoma can be applied with confidence. Therefore, parathyroid carcinomas may be underdiagnosed or overdiagnosed depending on the criteria used.6