Spreading Depression In The Mammalian Striatum

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Abstract
Since the first description of « spreading depression » (SD) in the cerebral cortex of rabbit by Leao (1944), this peculiar phenomenon has been intensively studied from many different aspects (see reviews by Marshall, 1959; Brinley, 1962; Bures, 1962; Ochs, 1962; Zachar and Zacharova, 1963). SD was found not only in the neocortex but also in other structurally rather different brain regions : hippocampus (Leao and Martins-Ferreira, 1958), retina (Gouras, 1958), cerebellum (Fifkova el al., 1961), striatum of birds (Bures et al., 1960; Shima et al., 1964) and of mammals and reptiles (Martins Ferreira and Leao, 1958). Depression of spontaneous and evoked activity (even at the cellular level) and a characteristic slow potential change (attaining an amplitude of 10 mV, duration of 1-2 min and spreading with a velocity of 3 mm/min) are the main electrical concomitants of SD. Although all these changes are completely reversible, they interfere with the normal functions of the structure in which SD was elicited. The use of SD for reversible functional elimination (Bures, 1959; Bures' and Bures'ová, 1960) of certain region must be based on precise knowledge of its anatomical boundaries of spreading.

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