Identification of proteins interacting with the enhancer of human U2 small nuclear RNA genes

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Abstract
Protein/DNA interactions in the human U2 RNA gene enhancer have been characterized by DNase I footprint and DMS methylation protection analyses. Nuclear factors present in both HeLa and B cell extracts have been shown to protect an approximately 70 bp region from DNase I digestion. DMS and DNase I footprint competition studies demonstrated that the entire footprint can be accounted for by interactions with two previously identified transcription factors. One of these recognizes the so called octanucleotide-motif ATGCAAAT (transcription factor IgNF-A) which has been shown to be essential for transcription. The other is the transcription factor Spl which binds to three target sequences located adjacent to the octameric motif. The Spl interactions appear to be required for full transcriptional activity. No differences in the DNase I footprint patterns or in the DMS methylation protections were observed when nuclear extracts from HeLa cells, two different B cell lines, or from the adenovirus-transformed 293 cell line were compared.