Toxicity of secalonic acid D

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Abstract
Toxicity of secalonic acid D was examined by using lethality, growth retardation, and histopathology as indexes. The ip LD50 values of 37, 31, and 27 mg/kg were obtained for Charles River CD‐1, Texas (ICR), and Sprague‐Dowley (CF‐1) strains of mice, respectively. The ip LD50 was 52 mg/kg in female CD‐1 mice. The iv LD50 was 25 mg/kg in CD‐1 male mice. Oral LD50 values of 400 mg/kg in male CD‐1 mice and 25 and > 400 mg/kg in Sprague‐Dawley day‐old and weanling (21 d) rats of both sexes, respectively, were obtained. Doses of 20 mg/kg or more ip retarded growth and doses of 30 mg/kg or more ip were lethal to CD‐1 mice. Oral doses required to produce such effects in day‐old rats were 5 and 20 mg/kg (or higher), respectively. All ip doses of secalonic acid D caused pulmonary atelectases and focal peritonitis in male CD‐1 mice. The latter involved surfaces of abdominal viscera and produced limited subcapsular necrosis of hepatic parenchyma. Exposure to a single lethal dose iv (25 mg/kg or more) of secalonic acid D caused limited hepatic portal necrosis but no peritonitis or other associated local effects observed in CD‐1 male mice after ip exposure. Cytoplasmic liposis and loss of glycogen and RNA from hepatocytes were observed in a single mouse receiving 50 mg/kg iv. Death resulting from cardiac and/or pulmonary insufficiency was suggested by atelectasis, pulmonary hemorrhages and edema, and massive atrial dilation in mice that died after lethal ip or iv doses of secalonic acid D. Five daily sublethal ip doses in CD‐1 male mice resulted in dose‐dependent mortality (LD50, 11.5 mg/kg) indicating cumulative effects.