Thromboembolieprophylaxe mit niedermolekularem Heparin in der Abdominalchirurgie
- 1 January 1989
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Georg Thieme Verlag KG in Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
- Vol. 114 (02) , 48-53
- https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1066550
Abstract
In einer prospektiven randomisierten Doppelblindstudie wurde die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von niedermolekularem Heparin (einmal 1500 aPTT-U/d) und unfraktioniertem Heparin (dreimal 5000 IE/d) in der Thromboembolieprophylaxe verglichen. Jede Prophylaxegruppe umfaßte 202 Patienten. Die erste Applikation erfolgte 2 Stunden präoperativ, die postoperative Behandlungsdauer betrug mindestens 7 Tage. Als Prüfkriterium diente der Radiofibrinogentest. Bei positivem Test wurden eine Phlebographie und eine Lungen-Sequenz-Szintigraphie durchgeführt. Bei Vollständiger Prophylaxe War die Thromboserate mit 10,8 % in der Gruppe mit niedermolekularem Heparin und 11,4 % in der Gruppe mit unfraktioniertem Heparin nahezu identisch. Eine Lungenembolie war bei vollständiger Prophylaxe in keiner Gruppe nachzuweisen. Die Prophylaxe mit unfraktioniertem Heparin war durch eine signifikant höhere Anzahl von Injektionshämatomen kompliziert. Für Wundhämatome, den intra- und postoperativen Blutverlust sowie die Reoperationsrate war kein signifikanter Unterschied feststellbar. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß mit niedermolekularem Heparin eine gleich wirksame, aber besser verträgliche, patientenfreundlichere und vor allem rationellere Thromboembolieprophylaxe als mit unfraktioniertem Heparin möglich ist. The effect of low-molecular weight (LMW) heparin fragment (one injection of 1500 aPTT [activated partial thromboplastin time]-U/24 h) - group 1 - was compared with unfractionated (UF) heparin (3 × 5000 IU/24 h) - group 2 - in a randomized prospective double-blind trial of 404 patients (202 patients in each group), aged 50 years or older, undergoing abdominal surgery. The two groups were well matched for thromboembolic risk factors. The first subcutaneous injection was made two hours preoperatively; post-operative injections continued for at least seven days. The radiofibrinogen test served as the test criterion. If positive, phlebography and lung sequence scanning were performed. On complete prophylaxis the thrombosis rate was nearly identical in the two groups -10.8 % vs 11.4 %. No pulmonary emboli were detected in either group if correctly treated. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to peroperative blood loss, re-operation rate and wound haematoma rate. But there was a significantly higher number of injection haematomas in group 2. These results suggest that a Single daily injection of 1500 aPTT-U LMW heparin provides effective prophylaxis against postoperative venous thromboembolism.This publication has 11 references indexed in Scilit:
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