Formation of quantum wires and dots on InP(001) by As/P exchange

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Abstract
We report on the use of in situscanning tunneling microscopy to study As/P exchange on InP(001) surfaces by molecular beam epitaxy. Results demonstrate that the exchange process can be controlled to selectively produce either quantum wires or quantum dots. 15 nm wide self-assemblednanowires are observed, and they are elongated along the dimer row direction of the InP (001)-2×4 surface with a length of over 1 μm and flat top 2×4 surfaces. In addition, when the nanowires are annealed with no arsenic overpressure, the surface reconstruction transforms from 2×4 to 4×2 and the nanowires transform into dots with a rectangular base and flat top.