Variability gene effects of DNA polymorphisms at the apo B, apo AI/C III and apo E loci on serum lipids: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study

Publisher Website
Google Scholar
Abstract
We studied the influence of selected genetic markers on the intra‐individual long‐term variability in serum lipid levels. The study cohort consisted of a sub‐sample from a large follow‐up study of atherosclerosis precursors in children and young adults. A total of 320 subjects had determinations of apo B XbaI RFLP genotypes, 305 subjects had apo AI/CIII SstI RFLP genotype determinations and 1581 subjects had their apo E phenotypes determined. Complete data on serum lipids were available at 3‐year intervals over a 6‐year follow‐up period. The subjects were healthy and aged 3–18 years at baseline. Intra‐individual variability was assessed with a nested analysis of variance procedure. Each of the genetic markers studied here significantly affected intra‐individual variability of serum lipid levels. No clear sex influence was observed, although the differences in variability tended to be more significant in males. Apo B XbaI genotypes significantly influenced intra‐individual variability of total and LDL‐cholesterol levels in both sexes. A marked effect of the XbaI geno‐type was also found on triglyceride variability. In males the standardized intra‐individual triglyceride variances were 0.71 and 0.34 in genotypes X1X1 and X2X2, respectively (p < 0.001), with a clear gene dosage effect. The apo AI/CIII genotype had an influence only on the variability of total cholesterol and LDL‐cholesterol levels and only in males. The apo E phenotypes were associated with intra‐individual variability in total and LDL‐cholesterol levels but again, only in males. The lowest variability was observed in the phenotype E4/3 where high mean values were also observed. We also examined the effect of combined genetic markers. Up to 7 times greater variability was found in the combination E3/2 + S1S1 compared to combination E4/3 + S1S2 (p < 0.001). In addition, mean levels of, e.g., LDL‐cholesterol were 70% greater in the combination of E4/3 +S1S2 compared to E3/2 + S1S1. This implies that subjects with both these genetic markers have high LDL‐cholesterol values that also tend to remain constantly elevated. In conclusion, it is evident that many of the presently known DNA polymorphisms of the coronary heart disease candidate gene loci also influence intraindividual variability of serum lipid or lipoprotein levels. These findings can be used to further refine our ability to predict the risk of a cardiovascular event.