Usefulness of the dietary phytic acid/ zinc molar ratio as an index of zinc bioavailability to rats and humans

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Abstract
Evidence suggests that rats can tolerate a dietary phytate/Zn molar ratio greater than 15 if the dietary Zn concentration is high. High dietary Ca exacerbates the effect of phytic acid on Zn utilization by rats. In a short term (15 d) balance trial with adult men, we observed slightly greater Zn balance when whole compared to dephytinized wheat bran was consumed (molar ratios 12 and 1.2, respectively). There was, however, greater fecal excretion of Zn during the first 5 d whole bran was consumed. In a second study, Na phytate was the major source of phytic acid and Zn balance was less when the phytate/Zn molar ratio was greater than 16 compared to 4. The difference was not significant, however, and there was evidence of physiological adjustments to maintain homeostasis when the high ratio diet was consumed. Mean Zn intake averaged 17 mg (0.26 mmole) and 11 mg (0.17 mmole) daily for the bran and Na phytate studies, respectively. The level of Zn intake may influence the response of humans to varying phytate/Zn ratios. Comparison of isotope retention studies and the balance data is discussed. Some information on the relationship of dietary Ca to the phytate/Zn effect in human diets is gathered from current literature. The phytate/Zn molar ratio is a useful index of Zn bioavailability.