Gene Expression: Its Specificity and Regulation

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Abstract
The specificity of genes is believed to be translated into the specificity of protein through the mediation of code-carrying messenger RNA and code-reading amino acid transfer RNA. The extent of the expression of the genes is believed to be controlled by genetically determined repressors whose intracellular levels vary with the composition of the nutrient milieu. The extent of the expression of enzymes, once formed, can be controlled, by intracellular levels of pertinent metabolites. Synthesis of the apparatus necessary for the function of an energy-yielding metabolic pathway is elicited by the conditions under which this pathway is useful to the cell (279, 280). Regulation devices seem to be inter-related in such a way that synthesis of specific enzymes, of total protein, RNA, and DNA, proceeds in an integrated, economical fashion appropriate to the particular environmental conditions confronting the cell (10, 11, 154).