Lithium Nephrotoxicity

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Abstract
Li-induced nephrotoxicity was 1st predicted in laboratory animals > 30 yr ago. Evidence in humans did not begin to accumulate until the 1970s. By 1977, anecdotal information was available to suggest that Li intoxication was not necessarily a prerequisite for the development of nephrotoxicity and that renal damage also could occur as a result of chronic Li therapy. Since then, several factors were identified that could influence the risk of nephrotoxicity during treatment with Li. These include number of daily doses, type of Li formulation and the incidence of renal disease in patients with manic-depressive illness.

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