Influenza and atherosclerosis: vaccination for cardiovascular disease prevention
- 1 January 2005
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Informa Healthcare in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
- Vol. 5 (1) , 91-96
- https://doi.org/10.1517/14712598.5.1.91
Abstract
In both animal and human studies, strong prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory effects have been observed after influenza infection. Influenza is an important trigger for acute coronary syndromes, and it has been shown that in the US it may cause up to 90,000 deaths per year simply by triggering fatal myocardial infarctions. Multiple case-control and cohort studies have shown that the influenza vaccine has a marked protective effect against cardiovascular events, decreasing the incidence of these events by 20 - 70% in the settings of primary and secondary prevention. Although influenza vaccination is an extremely cost-effective method of cardiovascular protection and is recommended for all patients with cardiac diseases, it is largely underused in these patients. Therefore, increased efforts should be directed towards educating physicians and patients about the benefits of influenza vaccination in patients with coronary heart disease.Keywords
This publication has 41 references indexed in Scilit:
- Finding Vulnerable Atherosclerotic PlaquesArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 2004
- Temporal trends in the incidence of coronary diseaseThe American Journal of Medicine, 2004
- Secular trends in cardiovascular disease mortality, incidence, and case fatality rates in adults in the United StatesThe American Journal of Medicine, 2004
- Cardiovascular Disease in Non-Western CountriesNew England Journal of Medicine, 2004
- Autoimmune and Inflammatory Mechanisms in AtherosclerosisAnnual Review of Immunology, 2004
- Immunomodulation and vaccination for atherosclerosisExpert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2004
- Are Oxidized LDL/β2‐glycoprotein I Complexes Pathogenic Antigens in Autoimmune‐mediated Atherosclerosis?Clinical and Developmental Immunology, 2004
- Atherogenic autoantigen: oxidized LDL complexes with β2-glycoprotein IImmunobiology, 2003
- Inflammation in atherosclerosisNature, 2002
- The Rise and Fall of Ischemic Heart DiseaseScientific American, 1980