Acceptable weights and physiological costs of performing combined manual handling tasks in restricted postures

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Abstract
Eight healthy, male underground coal miners (mean age=36·9 yrs±4·5 SD) participated in a study examining psychophysical acceptable weights and physiological costs of performing combined lifting and lowering tasks in restricted headroom conditions. Independent variables included posture (stooping or kneeling on two knees), task symmetry (symmetric or asymmetric), and vertical lift distance (35 cm or 60cm). All tasks were 10min in duration and were performed under a 1·22 m ceiling to restrict the subject's posture. Subjects were required to raise and lower a lifting box every 10 s, and asked to adjust the box weight to the maximum amount they could handle without undue strain or fatigue. During the final 5 min of each test, data were collected to determine the energy expenditure requirements of the task. Results of this study demonstrated that psychophysical lifting capacity averaged 11·3% lower when kneeling as compared to stooping. Subjects selected 3·5% more weight in asymmetric tasks, and lifted 5·0% less weight to the 60 cm shelf compared to the 35 cm shelf. Heart rate was not significantly affected by posture, but was increased an average of 4 beats/min in asymmetric conditions, and by 3·5 beats/min while lifting/lowering to/from the high shelf. Oxygen uptake was increased by 9% when stooped, by 10% when lifting/lowering asymmetrically, and by 8·2% when performing the task to the high shelf. Results of this study indicate that, wherever possible, materials that must be lifted manually in low-seam coal mines be designed in accordance with the decreased lifting capacity exhibited in the kneeling posture.