Axonal transport of Borna disease virus along olfactory pathways in spontaneously and experimentally infected rats

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Abstract
In this study it has been shown that infection of mother rats by Borna disease virus (BDV) from infected newborns led to a fatal disease. This differed both in clinical symptoms and in histological alterations from the form of the disease which occurred after intracerebral (i.c.) infection. Both parameters were, however, similar to those seen after experimental intranasal (i.n.) infection of adult rats. Detailed immunohistological studies showed clearly that after experimental i.n. infection, the infecting virus migrates intraaxonally from the neuroreceptors in the olfactory epithelium into the brain. It is therefore suggested that i.n. transmission is an important route of natural BDV infection.