Identification and quantitative analysis of sugars and non‐volatile organic acids in Chinese gooseberry fruit (Actinidia chinensis planch.)

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Abstract
The free sugars and non‐volatile organic acids in Chinese gooseberry fruit were extracted and separated by lead salt and ion‐exchange procedures. Sugars and acids were identified and quantitatively determined by gas‐liquid chromatography (g.l.c.) of their trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives. Glucose, fructose, sucrose and trace amounts of sorbitol accounted for the total sugars. Citric, quinic and malic are the major acids, the outstanding feature being the high content of quinic acid in mature fruit. Small amounts of phosphoric, ascorbic, glucuronic, galacturonic, oxalic, succinic, fumaric, oxalacetic and p‐coumaric acids are also present. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of acids prepared as lead salts agreed closely with the determination of acids isolated by the ion‐exchange procedure. Identifications of sugars and acids were confirmed by paper and thin‐layer chromatography. Reducing sugars, total sugars and titratable acidity were determined by AOAC methods and the results compared with those from g.l.c.