Experimental Production of Labial and Lingual Carcinoma by Local Application of 4-Nitroquinoline N-Oxide2

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Abstract
A 0.25 percent solution of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide in propylene glycol, when applied by repeated painting of the mucosa of the lower lip in mice, gave rise to labial and/or lingual carcinoma of the squamous cell pattern in 16 (47.0%) of the 34 animals surviving 180 days or more of the experiment. This application of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide, when accompanied by mechanical injury to the lower lip with a metal wire, gave rise to oral carcinoma of the same pattern in 61 (77.21%) of the 79 animals surviving the same experimental period. The carcinoma so produced metastasized to the regional lymph nodes in 8 of 61 animals and to the lung in 1 mouse. A sarcoma of the spindle cell type developed in the lower lip and/or the gingiva in 4 of the 113 survivors.