Identification and Determination of Geniposide, Genipin, Gardenoside, and Geniposidic Acid from Herbs by HPLC/Photodiode-Array Detection

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Abstract
An improved high-performance liquid chromatographic technique with photodiode-array detection was developed for the identification and determination of the active components geniposide, genipin, gardenoside and geniposidic acid from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. grandiflora Nakai. An isocratic system consisting of a reverse-phase phenyl column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water-perchloric acid (6:94:0.1. v/v/v, pH 4.0) was used to elute the active ingredients. Variations in extraction methods found that 0.1 M HCl is the best extraction solvent for geniposide and genipin, 0.1 M NaOH for geniposidic acid and water for gardenoside. It was found that water extracts of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis contained 56.03 ± 0.62, 1.72 ± 0.01, 2.16 ± 0.04 and 1.79 ± 0.01 mg/g of geniposide, genipin, gardenoside and geniposidic acid respectively. Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. grandiflora Nakai, however contained 79.76 ± 0.62. 1.88 ± 0.04, 3.37 ± 0.21 and 6.38 ± 0.13 mg/g.