Abstract
The generation mechanism of the electromagnetic radiation is studied based on the plasma-maser interaction among the electrostatic lower hybrid turbulence, accelerated electrons, and extraordinary mode radiation. The theory agrees with the most striking new features of the observation of the auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) in that the AKR bursts are observed at frequencies well above the local electron gyrofrequency. The theory also explains the close correlation between the lower hybrid turbulence and the microwave emission reported based on recent computer simulations.

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