Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 HopPtoM (CEL ORF3) is important for lesion formation but not growth in tomato and is secreted and translocated by the Hrp type III secretion system in a chaperone‐dependent manner

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Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is a pathogen of tomato and Arabidopsis that injects virulence effector proteins into host cells via a type III secretion system (TTSS). TTSS‐deficient mutants have a Hrp– phenotype, that is, they cannot elicit the hypersensitive response (HR) in non‐host plants or pathogenesis in host plants. Mutations in effector genes typically have weak virulence phenotypes (apparently due to redundancy), but deletion of six open reading frames (ORF) in the DC3000 conserved effector locus (CEL) reduces parasitic growth and abolishes disease symptoms without affecting function of the TTSS. The inability of the ΔCEL mutant to cause disease symptoms in tomato was restored by a clone expressing two of the six ORF that had been deleted: CEL ORF3 (HopPtoM) and ORF4 (ShcM). A ΔhopPtoM::nptII mutant was constructed and found to grow like the wild type in tomato but to be strongly reduced in its production of necrotic lesion symptoms. HopPtoM expression in DC3000 was activated by the HrpL alternative sigma factor, and the protein was secreted by the Hrp TTSS in culture and translocated into Arabidopsis cells by the Hrp TTSS during infection. Secretion and translocation were dependent on ShcM, which was neither secreted nor translocated but, like typical TTSS chaperones, could be shown to interact with HopPtoM, its cognate effector, in yeast two‐hybrid experiments. Thus, HopPtoM is a type III effector that, among known plant pathogen effectors, is unusual in making a major contribution to the elicitation of lesion symptoms but not growth in host tomato leaves.