Instrumentation and cell design for in situ studies of electrode surfaces using x-ray synchrotron radiation

Abstract
As an integral part of a program to develop x‐ray techniques for in situ structural studies of electrodesurfaces, a series of experiments has been carried out using x‐ray diffraction(XRD) and x‐ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS) at the Daresbury SRS. These studies, which involve continuous control of the electrode potential and the need to probe the electrodesurface with synchrotron radiation, demand careful attention to cell design. Three types of experiment are described in order to illustrate possible approaches to cell design and the versatility of in situ x‐ray techniques.