Studies of the Development of Woodland Conditions Under Different Trees: III. The Ground Flora

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Abstract
The ground floras under plantations of various tree species at 3 diverse localities are described. Marked differences occur in the plant communities under the tree stands and in adjoining unplanted areas. Plant lists and frequencies are given for the ground floras, and the relationships of the vegetation to the wood-land environment as a whole are discussed. Serai stages in the development of the plantations are recognized and the coverage and weights of water, dry matter, ash, C, and N contained in the various ground vegetations are estimated. It is suggested that the ground floras give some indication of the site conditions and should be considered in planning for reforestation.