A structural turbulence model for triple products of velocity and scalar

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Abstract
The statistical characteristics of third-order moments (triple products) of velocity and scalar have been investigated from both experimental and theoretical points of view. The third-order moments have a highly intermittent nature and are dominated by coherent motions in shear-generated turbulence. Using a previously developed statistical method (Nagano & Tagawa 1988), the similarity between the Reynolds stress and scalar flux transport was analysed. On the basis of the experimental results, we have developed an entirely new approach to the modelling of triple products, and constructed a ‘structural’ turbulence model for triple velocity and scalar products. This model has a simple form and universal applicability, and its effectiveness has been tested by application to various types of flow.