Cardiovascular Actions of Angiographic Media

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Abstract
Cardiovascular studies were carried out in the dog, using a test procedure designed to simulate conditions of clinical coronary arteriography. Three media were studied: diatrizoate as Hypaque M-90, iothalamate as Angio-Conray and Metrizoate as Isopaque 440. Diatrizoate is the least cardiotoxic, metrizoate slightly more toxic than diatrizoate and iothalamate approximately 3.5 times more cardiotoxic than diatrizoate. In addition to the intrinsic toxicity of the radio-opaque anion, the inclusion of high concentrations of sodium cation at levels above 50% concentration adds a significant additional toxicity hazard. This observation may be one of the reasons for the reported clinical cardiotoxicity seen with iothalamate sodium 80% as Angio-Conray. Metrizoate as Isopaque 440 combines the valuable features of both diatrizoate and iothalamate of high iodine content and low viscosity with an intermediate toxicity to provide a new coronary angiographic and aortographic medium.