The stopping of energetic ions in solids

Abstract
Stopping values of energetic ions in solids are predicted with an energy loss model which includes particle stopping due to collective excitations and binary collisions. Heavy ion stopping is predicted using experimentally determined ion effective charges. This stopping calculation is compared with experimental data from 156 papers which include ions from H to U (Z1 = 1–92) in the energy region above 200 keV/amu, and targets from Li to Bi (Z2 = 3–83). It is shown that the predicted stopping powers are within experimental data noise, with a standard error of about 5%.

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