Developmental Trends in Memory and Metamemory in Children with Attention Deficit Disorder

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Abstract
Examined the development of memory strategy knowledge and spontaneous use of strategy by 6- to 12-year-old boys with ADD-H. Metamemory knowledge of 12 ADD-H boys, unmedicated for study participation, and 12 matched control Ss was compared using a structured interview. Use of categorization was assessed using free recall of word lists differing in category composition (acoustic vs semantic categories) and list organization (clustered by category vs unclustered). Interview data indicated no difference between groups in development of metamemory knowledge. Analysis of free recall performance showed that ADD-H Ss were less likely than controls to benefit from that knowledge when strategy was less salient and involved effortful reorganization of stimuli (p < .05). The results were consistent with a production deficiency. Developmental trends and implications for remediation are discussed.