Deleterious Effects of Anxiety Elicited by Conditioned Pre-aversive Stimuli in the Rat

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Abstract
In these experiments the deleterious effects of the conditioned emotional response (anxiety) elicited by a pre-aversive stimulus (a buzzer) were separated from the deleterious effects of the aversive stimulus itself (an electric shock), with three groups of animals for the first group, shocks were often preceded by a buzzer (pre-aversive stimulus); for second group amount of shock was the same but no pre-aversive stimuli were given; and for third group neither shock nor buzzer was given. Mortality and morbidity (death rate and loss of weight) were greatest for the first group and least for the third. The experiment was repeated 4 times varying various parameters of the experimental situation.

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