Liquid Crystals in my Memories and Now—the Role of Anisotropic Viscosity in Liquid Crystals Research

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Abstract
The viscosity coefficients of nematic substances for corresponding orientation geometry introduced and measured for PAA and PAP by the author in the thirties are discussed from the actual point of view. The great universality of these coefficients of viscosity and their utility for describing several dynamical phenomena has been shown. There is a quantitative agreement between the experimental data of those investigations and continuum hydrodynamical theory of nematics with the numerical values of viscosities measured by the author. As a new field of application of flow in definite orientation geometry, the properties of smectics and closely connected problems of phase transitions, pretransition effects and reentrant phase has been discussed.