Current Evaluation and Management of Patients With Mitral Stenosis

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Abstract
Ase presentation: A 28-year-old woman with known mitral stenosis (MS) who was not taking antibiotic prophylaxis presented with new onset of chest pain, atrial fibrillation, and "heart failure." She was treated for "heart failure" and converted spontaneously to sinus rhythm. Echocardiographic/Doppler studies showed a mitral valve gradient (MVG) of 7, a mitral valve area (MVA) of 1.2 cm2, 2 mitral regurgitation (MR), no tricuspid regurgitation, normal left ventricular (LV) size and function, no left atrium (LA) thrombus, and a mitral valve score (University of Southern California (USC) scoring system) of 1, with no calcium in the commissures. At cardiac catheterization, mean pulmonary artery (PA) wedge was 23 mm Hg, mean PA pressure was 25 mm Hg, MVG was 10 mm Hg, and MVA was 1.2 cm2. On exercise, mean PA wedge was 30 mm Hg, mean PA pressure was 55 mm Hg, and MVG was 18 mm Hg. On angiography, the LV end-diastolic volume was 80 mL/m2, ejection fraction was 0.48, and 2 MR, with normal coronary arteries. After catheter balloon commissurotomy (CBC), the MVA was 2.0 cm2, mean PA wedge was 13 mm Hg, and mean PA pressure was 20 mm Hg, with no MR. Her dis- charge medications were penicillin V 250 mg twice daily and antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of infective endocarditis.