The effect of image distortion on 3-D reconstruction of coronary bypass grafts from angiographic views

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Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of coronary bypass grafts performed from X-ray angiographic images may become increasingly important for the investigation of damaging mechanical stresses imposed to these vessels by the cyclic movement of the heart. Contrary to what we had experienced with coronary arteries, appreciable reconstruction artifacts frequently occur with grafts. In order to verify the hypothesis that those are caused by distortions present in the angiographic images (acquired with image intensifiers), we have implemented a grid correction technique in our 3-D reconstruction method and studied its efficiency with phantom experiments. In this article, the nature of the encountered artifacts and the way in which the dewarping correction eliminates them are illustrated by a phantom experiment and by the reconstruction of a real coronary bypass vein graft.