Effects of polycythemia and anemia on cardiac output and other circulatory factors

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Abstract
Normovolemic anemia and polycythemia were studied in 14 dogs. Cardiac outputs increased with anemia and fell with rises in hematocrit. Although many factors—such as chemical changes—may play an important role in these variations in cardiac output, there was an indication that viscosity alone may have a major effect. There was no significant association between changes in cardiac output and the various pressures—mean arterial, mean right atrial, mean pulmonary and mean circulatory. Although the pressures did not change significantly, there was a significant decrease in total peripheral resistance in anemia and a marked rise in polycythemia. It was also found that the maximum number of red cells present for oxygen transport to the tissues was near the mean normal hematocrit of 40.