Behavior of the Bagnore Steam/CO2 Geothermal Reservoir, Italy

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Abstract
A commonly encountered geothermal steam reservoir consists of a gas cap overlying an aquifer. In addition to steam, the gas cap may contain substantial amounts of carbon dioxide and other noncondensable gases. A mathematical model for describing the pressure and composition histories of such reservoirs is presented. The model evaluates the change in states of a homogeneous vapor/liquid region as a mixture of steam and carbon dioxide is removed from the gas cap and as recharge water enters the liquid region. The production history of the Bagnore steam field in Italy was evaluated using this model. It is concluded that early reservoir behavior was controlled by a blowdown of carbon dioxide in the gas cap, while long-time behavior is being controlled by water influx.