A Study of the Reactions of Reactive Dyes with Wool under Industrial Dyeing Conditions

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Abstract
The extent of reaction with wool of five representative reactive dyes (having different reactive groups) has been determined at two depths of dyeing (0.5% and 3%) under conditions of dyeing recommended by the manufacturers. The covalent bonding of the dye to the reactive groups of the fibre was determined by analytical techniques based on the use of fdnb (1‐fluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene). It has been shown that these and other similar techniques may introduce fundamental errors in the estimation of basic groups covalently bound. The results indicate that, under the acidic conditions recommended, the role of the basic group in keratin is less significant than previously reported. By application of correction factors, a stoichiometric relation has been obtained between the amount of dye molecules bound and the number of reactive groups in the fibre which are blocked.

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