Optical defects in barium—strontium niobate single crystals

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Abstract
The distributions of edge dislocations and residual mechanical stresses in BaxSr1‐xNb2O6 (BSN) crystals are investigated and the explanation of the nature of the “growth column” is proposed. The “growth column” is a defect zone going through all of the crystal and usually repeating in its cross‐section the contour of the seed crystal. The “growth column” boundary is the closed contour with extremely high edge dislocation density. These dislocations are connected with thermal stresses due to seed‐melt contact or abrupt crystal widening. Under proper crystal seeding and widening conditions one can obtain the BSN crystals with dislocation densities less than 10 cm−2 and without the “growth column”.The method of chemico‐mechanical polishing of BSN crystals not forming a defect layer on the surface of the crystals have been developed. The high temperature diffusion annealing is shown to eliminate the growth striae in BSN crystals.