The molecular biology of parathyroid disease
- 1 November 1991
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Wiley in World Journal of Surgery
- Vol. 15 (6) , 756-762
- https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01665311
Abstract
Advances in molecular genetics have shed important new light on the understanding of the basis for human tumors. The application of these methods has allowed for characterization of endocrine neoplasms at a level of resolution that was not previously possible. A variety of molecular techniques have been apph'ed to the study of parathyroid tumors at the DNA level. Studies of the clonal derivation of adenomas and hyperplasia suggest that these entities arise through fundamentally different mechanisms. The gene for parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been cloned and mapped within the human genome. In a small subset of parathyroid tumors, a rearrangement of the PTH gene has been described which may have contributed to their pathogenesis. A separate gene has been identified which appears to be responsible for the humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Chromosomal deletions which appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 have also been found in sporadic parathyroid adenomas. Characterization of tumors at the DNA level may make it possible to correlate specific genetic abnormalities with the biologic behavior of different parathyroid neoplasms and may be useful in distinguishing between adenoma, hyperplasia, and carcinoma. D'importants progrès ont été accomplis dans la compréhension des tumeurs chez l'homme grâce à la génétique moléculaire. L'application des méthodes de la génètique moléculaire a permis de clarifier considérablement la classification des néoplasies endocrines. Plusieurs techniques ont été utilisées pour étudier l'ADN des tumeurs de la parathyroÏde. L'étude des clones suggère que l'origine des adénomes et de l'hyperplasie est très différente l'une de l'autre. Le gène de l'hormone parathyroÏdienne (PTH) a été clone et localisé à l'intérieur du génome humain. Dans un sous-groupe de tumeurs parathyroÏdiennes, on a décrit une restructuration du gène PTH qui pourrait expliquer la pathogénèse de ces tumeurs. Une autre gène a été identifiée qui paraÎt Être responsable de l'hypercalcémie en cas de tumeur maligne. On a découvert dans des cas sporadiques d'adénomes parathyroÏdiens des deletions chromosomiques qui paraissent intervenir dans la pathogénèse des néoplasies multiples endocrines (MEN) du type I. La caractérisation de l'ADN des tumeurs pourrait rendre possible la corrélation des anomalies génétiques spécifiques avec le comportement biologique des différentes tumeurs parathyroÏdes, et pourrait aider dans la distinction entre adénome, hyperplasie et cancer. Los avances en la genética molecular han aportado nuevas luces a la comprensión de los fenómenos etiológicos y la patogenesis de los tumores humanos. La aplicación de estos métodos ha permitido caracterizar los neoplasmas endocrinos a un nivel de resolución previamente imposible. Una variedad de técnicas moleculares ha sido aplicada al estudio de los tumores paratiroideos a nivel del DNA. Estudios sobre la derivación clonal de adenomas e hiperplasias sugieren que estas entidades se generan a través de mecanismos fundamentalmente diferentes. El gene para la hormona paratiroidea (PTH) ha sido reproducido y localizado dentro del genoma humano. En un pequeño subgrupo de tumores paratiroideos, se ha descrito una redistribucion del gene de la PTH que puede contribuir a su patogenesis. Un gen separado ha sido identificado que parece ser responsable de la hipercalcemia humoral de la neoplasia maligna. Las alteraciones cromosómicas que parecen estar involucradas en la patogenesis de la neoplasia endocrina multiple tipo 1 han sido halladas también en los adenomas paratiroideos esporádicos. La caracterización de los tumores al nivel del DNA pueden hacer posible la correlatión específica de las anormalidades genéticas con el comportamineto biológico de los diferentes neoplasmas paratiroideos, y puede ser Útil en la diferenciación entre adenoma, hiperplasia y carcinoma.Keywords
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