Ceramic nozzle for molecular acceleration and its temperature measurement

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Abstract
An all ceramic nozzle is described, based on a watch jewel and having a very small heated volume (V<10−3 cc). Using this nozzle, molecular catalytic and thermal decomposition is minimized; thus, high molecular kinetic energies can be obtained for ‘‘unstable’’ organic molecules. The real nozzle temperature is measured by the variation of its backing pressure with its temperature, keeping constant gas flux conditions. The nozzle is capable of being heated to over 1500 °K with less than 20 W and is thermally isolated from the organic molecule oven that is differentially heated and separately temperature controlled.

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