METABOLISM OF THE HEART IN RELATION TO DRUG ACTION. IV. EFFECTS OF VARIOUS SUBSTRATES UPON THE ISOLATED PERFUSED RAT HEART

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Abstract
Pyruvate, acetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, succinate, fumarate, malate, oxalacetate, citrate, glutamate, and caprylate have been investigated over a range of conens. with respect to their action on the "normal" isolated perfused heart. None of these substances increased the amplitude of contraction, and most of them depressed the heart at the higher conens. tested. The relative abilities of these substances and glucose to increase the contraction amplitude of the heart depressed by perfusion with a substrate-free medium were investigated. Glucose was the most effective in restoring the contraction amplitude, pyruvate next most effective, and acetate beta-hydroxybutyrate still less effective. None of the other substances produced any recovery. Nicotinamide was ineffective in restoring the activity of the substrate-depleted heart in the presence of lactate.