Influence of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis)-seed oil containingcis-5,cis-9,cis-12-octadecatrienoic acid on polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism, eicosanoid production and blood pressure of rats

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Abstract
The effects of dietary Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis)-seed oil containing a peculiar trienoic acid (cis-5,cis-9,cis-12-18:3, pinolenic acid, approximately 18%) on various lipid variables were compared in rats with those of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimumL.) oil, safflower (Carthamus tinctoriusL.) oil and evening primrose (Oenothera biennisL.) oil under experimental conditions where the effects of different polyunsaturated fatty acids could be estimated. In Sprague-Dawley rats fed on diets containing 100 g fat and 5 g cholesterol/kg, the hypocholesterolaemic activity of pinolenic acid was intermediate between α-linolenic and linoleic acids. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of liver phosphatidylcholine indicated that, in contrast to α-linolenic acid, pinolenic acid does not interfere with the desaturation of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid. However, the effects on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and aortic prostacyclin production were comparable. When spontaneously hypertensive rats were fed on diets containing 100 g fat/kg but free of cholesterol, γ-linolenic and pinolenic acids, as compared with linoleic acid, increased prostacyclin production and tended to reduce platelet aggregation. In addition, pinolenic acid attenuated the elevation of blood pressure after 5 weeks of feeding. Thus, the results of the present studies indicate the beneficial effects of pinolenic acid on various lipid variables.