Biological Properties of 16α-Hydroxyestrone: Implications in Estrogen Physiology and Pathophysiology*

Abstract
Metabolism of estradiol in men with cirrhosis and subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus results in an excessive formation of 16.alpha.-hydroxyestrone. Examination of the biological activity of this metabolite in rats showed that it is a potent uterotropic agent and that it exhibits minimal affinity for the human sex hormone-binding globulin. These biological characteristics are consistent with a hyperestrogenic response to the substance, which may be reflected in the pathology and etiology of these diseases.