The Clinical Significance of Cytokines and Soluble Forms of Membrane-Derived Activation Antigens in the Serum of Patients with Hodgkin's Disease

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Abstract
In a search for specific serum markers with prognostic impact in Hodgkin's Disease (HD), we evaluated the clinical significance of several cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, G-CSF, GM-CSF, TNF-α) and soluble forms of membrane-derived antigens (sCD4, sCD8, sCD23, sCD25, sCD30) in the serum of patients with untreated HD. Elevations of three groups of serum factors were observed: Firstly, elevations of the hematopoietic cytokines GM-CSF (detected in 39%), IL-6 (57%) and IL-3 (13%), which occurred stimultaneously in the majority of the cases; secondly, simultaneous elevations of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-a and IL-ly? (detected in 7%); and finally, elevations of membrane-derived activation antigens sCD8, sCD25, and sCD30. While the cytokine levels did not correlate with other obvious parameters, the membrane-derived activation antigens sCD8, sCD25 and sCD30 were associated with a poor prognosis. Only sCD30 correlated with disease activity and holds promise for the follow-up of patients in remission. Further investigations of these parameters at the cellular level might help to elucidate the enigmatic biology of HD.