Band structure of Cu, Ag and Au: location of direct transitions on the Λ line using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS)

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Abstract
The triangulation method of angle-resolved photoemission for the absolute location of direct transitions in k space has been used on (110) and (111) faces in the Gamma KLUX or (110) mirror plane in order to determine some points of the electronic bulk band structure of Cu, Ag and Au along the Lambda line. It is found that the experimental points for the occupied bands are in excellent agreement with recent calculations based on the local density functional theory for the noble metals. The experimental points for the final-state bands deviate by no more than about 0.5 eV which is within the experimental error of k determination. The emission from surface states of sp character on the (110) faces at the Y point of the surface Brillouin zone has been used to accurately determine the external emission angles. The sp surface states on Ag(110) have not been published previously. A refinement of the triangulation method using polarised excitation light is demonstrated for location of transitions along Gamma L which are energetically degenerate for negligible spin-orbit interaction.