Effect of Reduced Aprotinin Dosage on Blood Loss and Use of Blood Products in Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass

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Abstract
High-dose aprotinin reduces bleeding after cardiac surgery, but has also evoked concern with regard to potential side effects and hospital costs. To evaluate the effects of reduced-dose aprotinin on blood loss and need for blood transfusion, 40 patients undergoing myocardial revascularization were studied (double-blind, placebo-controlled). Postoperative bleeding was reduced by 40% and erythrocyte infusion by 85% in the group given 3 × 106 KIU aprotinin (1 × 106 as a loading dose before cardiopulmonary bypass, 1 × 106 in the priming volume and 2.5 × 105/hour intraoperatively) Aprotinin concentrations during the operation were monitored and maintained above the required level. There were no adverse effects of the drug. Hospital expenditure on blood products was reduced by 51% when aprotinin was used. Our study suggests that aprotinin in reduced dosage diminishes bleeding and requirements for blood products, and that it should be given before, during and after cardiopulnionary bypass.