The nuclear receptor homologue Ftz-F1 and the homeodomain protein Ftz are mutually dependent cofactors

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Abstract
Nuclear hormone receptors and homeodomain proteins are two classes of transcription factor that regulate major developmental processes. Both depend on interactions with other proteins for specificity and activity. The Drosophila gene fushi tarazu (ftz)y which encodes a homeodomain protein1 (Ftz), is required zygo-tically for the formation of alternate segments in the developing embryo2. Here we show that the orphan nuclear receptor α Ftz-Fl (ref. 3), which is deposited in the egg during oogenesis4, is an obligatory cofactor for Ftz. The two proteins interact specifically and directly, both in vitro and in vivo, through a conserved domain in the Ftz polypeptide. This interaction suggests that other nuclear receptor/homeodomain protein interactions maybe important and common in developing organisms.