A Study of the Influence of Handwriting upon Grades Using Examination Scripts

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Abstract
Five English language scripts which had been part of a 16#pl external examination were all copied in a range of five contrasting styles of handwriting. Based upon a five by five Latin square design the twenty‐five versions were distributed as a marking exercise to groups of practising teachers. Most of the teachers were teachers of English and familiar with the standards of the external examination. Analysis of variance showed the differences in teacher marks to be 99% significant based upon essay content and 95% significant based upon handwriting style. Essays written in style K attracted most marks. Essays written in style S attracted least marks. The difference between these two extremes of style suggests a distinction between a pass and a fail for the writers.

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