Haematuria, pigmenturia and proteinuria in exercising horses

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Abstract
The effects of exercise on urinary excretion of red blood cells, pigments (haemoglobin and myoglobin) and protein were studied in 8 mares performing treadmill exercise at speeds eliciting 40, 60 and 95% of the maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max). Gross haematuria and pigmenturia were observed in all horses during exercise at the 2 higher intensities, while these findings were detected in only one of 8 mares during exercise at 40% of the V˙O2max. For the remaining 7 mares exercised at 40% of the V˙O2max, increased urinary excretion of red blood cells (RBCs) and pigments was evident after centrifugation of urine samples and reagent strip analysis of the supernatant fractions. An increase in urine flow (UF) during exercise at 40% of the V˙O2max may have contributed to the infrequent observation of gross haematuria and pigmenturia during exercise at this intensity. A transient increase in UF following exercise at 60 and 95% of the V˙O2max resulted in rapid resolution of gross haematuria and pigmenturia, but increased urinary excretion of RBCs and pigments remained evident by reagent strip analysis for up to 60 min following exercise. Mean ± s.e. urinary protein excretion increased from a resting value of 2.2 ± 0.2 mg/min to 5.6 ± 0.9, 14.5 ± 4.7 and 78.4 ± 18.6 mg/min after exercise at 40, 60 and 95% of the V˙O2max, respectively. These results demonstrate that exercise induced haematuria and pigmenturia and post exercise proteinuria are common in horses. Their occurrence is transient and does not appear to be associated with any lasting changes in renal function.